Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme critical for cellular energy metabolism that declines with age. NAD+ precursors like NMN and NR are studied as longevity interventions.

Mechanistic target of rapamycin, a key nutrient-sensing pathway that regulates cell growth and aging. Inhibiting mTOR (e.g., with rapamycin) has shown lifespan extension in multiple organisms.

A class of drugs that selectively eliminate senescent (aged, dysfunctional) cells to reduce inflammation and improve tissue function.

What is Epigenetic clock?

A biomarker based on DNA methylation patterns that estimates biological age, often more predictive of health outcomes than chronological age.

The period of life spent in good health, free from chronic diseases and disability associated with aging.

An immunosuppressant drug that inhibits the mTOR pathway. Research shows rapamycin may extend lifespan and improve age-related health outcomes in multiple species.

What is Biological age?

A measure of how well or poorly your body is functioning relative to your chronological age, assessed through biomarkers such as DNA methylation, telomere length, and blood panels.

What is Caloric restriction?

A dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without malnutrition. Caloric restriction is one of the most studied interventions shown to extend lifespan across species.

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Telomere length is associated with aging and age-related diseases.

A state in which cells permanently stop dividing but resist death, accumulating with age and secreting inflammatory factors that damage surrounding tissue.

A second-generation epigenetic clock that predicts time to death and is considered one of the most accurate measures of biological aging.

What is Inflammaging?

Chronic, low-grade inflammation that increases with age and contributes to the development of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.

The large-scale study of proteins in biological systems. In longevity research, proteomics identifies blood protein signatures that predict biological age and disease risk.

What is Yamanaka factors?

A set of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) that can reprogram adult cells to a pluripotent state. Partial reprogramming with Yamanaka factors is being explored to reverse cellular aging.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a precursor to NAD+ that is widely studied as a supplement to boost cellular energy and combat age-related decline.

A gene-editing technology that allows precise modifications to DNA. In longevity research, CRISPR is used to study and potentially modify genes associated with aging.

A cellular housekeeping process where cells break down and recycle damaged components. Declines with age and is stimulated by fasting.

What is Intermittent fasting?

An eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. Various protocols (16:8, 5:2) are studied for metabolic, cardiovascular, and longevity benefits.

What is Zone 2 cardio?

Low-intensity aerobic exercise performed at roughly 60–70% of maximum heart rate, primarily using the aerobic energy system. Associated with mitochondrial health and longevity.

Geographic regions identified by researchers where people consistently live longer and healthier lives than average, including Sardinia, Okinawa, and Loma Linda.

How new delivery methods could change brain health treatments

Researchers have identified a significant challenge in treating brain-related diseases: the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This protective barrier prevents most drugs from effectively reaching the central nervous system, making it difficult to treat conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Companies like Oncotelic Therapeutics are now developing innovative delivery systems, such as their intranasal nose-to-brain (N2B) technology, which aims to bypass this barrier and allow for more effective treatment options.

This research is crucial for anyone concerned about aging and brain health. With over 57 million people currently living with dementia, the need for effective therapies is urgent. The ability to deliver drugs directly to the brain could enhance memory, cognitive function, and overall neurological health. If successful, these new delivery methods could significantly improve treatment outcomes for people facing neurodegenerative diseases.

The current evidence is still in the early stages, focusing on innovative delivery methods rather than specific drug efficacy. Oncotelic’s N2B system represents a promising approach, but it is part of a broader trend in the biopharma industry to find ways to overcome the BBB. While this research is hopeful, it is important to note that these methods have not yet been proven in large-scale human trials.

For those interested in improving brain health, staying informed about advancements in drug delivery technologies may be beneficial. While it’s not yet time to change your health regimen based on these findings, being aware of emerging therapies could help you make informed decisions about future treatment options for cognitive health.

Source: globenewswire.com