Question 1

What is NAD+?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme critical for cellular energy metabolism that declines with age. NAD+ precursors like NMN and NR are studied as longevity interventions.

Question 2

What is mTOR?

Accepted Answer

Mechanistic target of rapamycin, a key nutrient-sensing pathway that regulates cell growth and aging. Inhibiting mTOR (e.g., with rapamycin) has shown lifespan extension in multiple organisms.

Question 3

What is Senolytic?

Accepted Answer

A class of drugs that selectively eliminate senescent (aged, dysfunctional) cells to reduce inflammation and improve tissue function.

Question 4

What is Epigenetic clock?

Accepted Answer

A biomarker based on DNA methylation patterns that estimates biological age, often more predictive of health outcomes than chronological age.

Question 5

What is Healthspan?

Accepted Answer

The period of life spent in good health, free from chronic diseases and disability associated with aging.

Question 6

What is Rapamycin?

Accepted Answer

An immunosuppressant drug that inhibits the mTOR pathway. Research shows rapamycin may extend lifespan and improve age-related health outcomes in multiple species.

Question 7

What is Biological age?

Accepted Answer

A measure of how well or poorly your body is functioning relative to your chronological age, assessed through biomarkers such as DNA methylation, telomere length, and blood panels.

Question 8

What is Caloric restriction?

Accepted Answer

A dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without malnutrition. Caloric restriction is one of the most studied interventions shown to extend lifespan across species.

Question 9

What is Telomere?

Accepted Answer

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Telomere length is associated with aging and age-related diseases.

Question 10

What is Senescence?

Accepted Answer

A state in which cells permanently stop dividing but resist death, accumulating with age and secreting inflammatory factors that damage surrounding tissue.

Question 11

What is GrimAge?

Accepted Answer

A second-generation epigenetic clock that predicts time to death and is considered one of the most accurate measures of biological aging.

Question 12

What is Inflammaging?

Accepted Answer

Chronic, low-grade inflammation that increases with age and contributes to the development of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.

Question 13

What is Proteomics?

Accepted Answer

The large-scale study of proteins in biological systems. In longevity research, proteomics identifies blood protein signatures that predict biological age and disease risk.

Question 14

What is Yamanaka factors?

Accepted Answer

A set of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) that can reprogram adult cells to a pluripotent state. Partial reprogramming with Yamanaka factors is being explored to reverse cellular aging.

Question 15

What is NMN?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a precursor to NAD+ that is widely studied as a supplement to boost cellular energy and combat age-related decline.

Question 16

What is CRISPR?

Accepted Answer

A gene-editing technology that allows precise modifications to DNA. In longevity research, CRISPR is used to study and potentially modify genes associated with aging.

Question 17

What is Autophagy?

Accepted Answer

A cellular housekeeping process where cells break down and recycle damaged components. Declines with age and is stimulated by fasting.

Question 18

What is Intermittent fasting?

Accepted Answer

An eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. Various protocols (16:8, 5:2) are studied for metabolic, cardiovascular, and longevity benefits.

Question 19

What is Zone 2 cardio?

Accepted Answer

Low-intensity aerobic exercise performed at roughly 60–70% of maximum heart rate, primarily using the aerobic energy system. Associated with mitochondrial health and longevity.

Question 20

What is Blue Zone?

Accepted Answer

Geographic regions identified by researchers where people consistently live longer and healthier lives than average, including Sardinia, Okinawa, and Loma Linda.

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