Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme critical for cellular energy metabolism that declines with age. NAD+ precursors like NMN and NR are studied as longevity interventions.

Mechanistic target of rapamycin, a key nutrient-sensing pathway that regulates cell growth and aging. Inhibiting mTOR (e.g., with rapamycin) has shown lifespan extension in multiple organisms.

A class of drugs that selectively eliminate senescent (aged, dysfunctional) cells to reduce inflammation and improve tissue function.

What is Epigenetic clock?

A biomarker based on DNA methylation patterns that estimates biological age, often more predictive of health outcomes than chronological age.

The period of life spent in good health, free from chronic diseases and disability associated with aging.

An immunosuppressant drug that inhibits the mTOR pathway. Research shows rapamycin may extend lifespan and improve age-related health outcomes in multiple species.

What is Biological age?

A measure of how well or poorly your body is functioning relative to your chronological age, assessed through biomarkers such as DNA methylation, telomere length, and blood panels.

What is Caloric restriction?

A dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without malnutrition. Caloric restriction is one of the most studied interventions shown to extend lifespan across species.

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Telomere length is associated with aging and age-related diseases.

A state in which cells permanently stop dividing but resist death, accumulating with age and secreting inflammatory factors that damage surrounding tissue.

A second-generation epigenetic clock that predicts time to death and is considered one of the most accurate measures of biological aging.

What is Inflammaging?

Chronic, low-grade inflammation that increases with age and contributes to the development of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.

The large-scale study of proteins in biological systems. In longevity research, proteomics identifies blood protein signatures that predict biological age and disease risk.

What is Yamanaka factors?

A set of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) that can reprogram adult cells to a pluripotent state. Partial reprogramming with Yamanaka factors is being explored to reverse cellular aging.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a precursor to NAD+ that is widely studied as a supplement to boost cellular energy and combat age-related decline.

A gene-editing technology that allows precise modifications to DNA. In longevity research, CRISPR is used to study and potentially modify genes associated with aging.

A cellular housekeeping process where cells break down and recycle damaged components. Declines with age and is stimulated by fasting.

What is Intermittent fasting?

An eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. Various protocols (16:8, 5:2) are studied for metabolic, cardiovascular, and longevity benefits.

What is Zone 2 cardio?

Low-intensity aerobic exercise performed at roughly 60–70% of maximum heart rate, primarily using the aerobic energy system. Associated with mitochondrial health and longevity.

Geographic regions identified by researchers where people consistently live longer and healthier lives than average, including Sardinia, Okinawa, and Loma Linda.

Could new gene therapy change Parkinson's treatment?

Researchers have made a significant step toward treating Parkinson’s disease with a new gene therapy candidate called SHP-201. Shape Therapeutics has received a research grant from The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research to advance this therapy, which aims to reduce the harmful accumulation of a protein known as alpha-synuclein in the brain. This protein buildup is a key factor in the neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson’s, leading to both motor and non-motor symptoms. SHP-201 is designed to be delivered through a single intravenous infusion, potentially providing long-lasting effects without the need for repeated treatments.

This development is crucial for anyone concerned about aging and neurological health. Currently, there are no approved therapies that modify the progression of Parkinson’s disease, despite extensive research. If SHP-201 proves effective, it could offer a new way to address the root causes of the disease, potentially improving muscle control, cognitive function, and overall quality of life for those affected by Parkinson’s. The research will focus on understanding the safety and effectiveness of SHP-201 in preclinical models, which is a vital step before moving into human trials.

The current research is in the early stages, with Shape Therapeutics conducting preclinical studies to gather data on the therapy’s pharmacology and safety. While the findings so far are promising, they are not yet proven in human trials. The support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation is expected to help shape the future of this therapy, allowing for more comprehensive testing and development. As this research progresses, it could pave the way for innovative treatments that significantly alter the course of Parkinson’s disease.

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