Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme critical for cellular energy metabolism that declines with age. NAD+ precursors like NMN and NR are studied as longevity interventions.

Mechanistic target of rapamycin, a key nutrient-sensing pathway that regulates cell growth and aging. Inhibiting mTOR (e.g., with rapamycin) has shown lifespan extension in multiple organisms.

A class of drugs that selectively eliminate senescent (aged, dysfunctional) cells to reduce inflammation and improve tissue function.

What is Epigenetic clock?

A biomarker based on DNA methylation patterns that estimates biological age, often more predictive of health outcomes than chronological age.

The period of life spent in good health, free from chronic diseases and disability associated with aging.

An immunosuppressant drug that inhibits the mTOR pathway. Research shows rapamycin may extend lifespan and improve age-related health outcomes in multiple species.

What is Biological age?

A measure of how well or poorly your body is functioning relative to your chronological age, assessed through biomarkers such as DNA methylation, telomere length, and blood panels.

What is Caloric restriction?

A dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without malnutrition. Caloric restriction is one of the most studied interventions shown to extend lifespan across species.

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Telomere length is associated with aging and age-related diseases.

A state in which cells permanently stop dividing but resist death, accumulating with age and secreting inflammatory factors that damage surrounding tissue.

A second-generation epigenetic clock that predicts time to death and is considered one of the most accurate measures of biological aging.

What is Inflammaging?

Chronic, low-grade inflammation that increases with age and contributes to the development of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.

The large-scale study of proteins in biological systems. In longevity research, proteomics identifies blood protein signatures that predict biological age and disease risk.

What is Yamanaka factors?

A set of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) that can reprogram adult cells to a pluripotent state. Partial reprogramming with Yamanaka factors is being explored to reverse cellular aging.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a precursor to NAD+ that is widely studied as a supplement to boost cellular energy and combat age-related decline.

A gene-editing technology that allows precise modifications to DNA. In longevity research, CRISPR is used to study and potentially modify genes associated with aging.

A cellular housekeeping process where cells break down and recycle damaged components. Declines with age and is stimulated by fasting.

What is Intermittent fasting?

An eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. Various protocols (16:8, 5:2) are studied for metabolic, cardiovascular, and longevity benefits.

What is Zone 2 cardio?

Low-intensity aerobic exercise performed at roughly 60–70% of maximum heart rate, primarily using the aerobic energy system. Associated with mitochondrial health and longevity.

Geographic regions identified by researchers where people consistently live longer and healthier lives than average, including Sardinia, Okinawa, and Loma Linda.

Could dementia navigators improve care and save money?

Researchers found that implementing non-clinical dementia navigator (DN) models in England could significantly improve care for individuals with dementia while also saving the healthcare system money. As dementia rates rise, the need for effective support systems has become urgent. The study projects that the number of people eligible for DN support will increase from 300,000 in 2025 to 360,000 by 2030, highlighting a growing demand for coordinated care.

For those concerned about aging well and maintaining cognitive health, this model offers a promising solution. By providing dedicated support to navigate the healthcare system, DNs could help individuals access necessary services more efficiently. The estimated costs of implementing this model are around £224 million in 2025, increasing to £343 million by 2030. However, these costs are expected to be offset by substantial savings in healthcare utilization, projected at £1.14 billion in 2025 and £1.75 billion in 2030. This means that not only could DNs enhance the quality of care for people with dementia, but they could also alleviate financial pressures on the healthcare system.

The evidence comes from a detailed analysis using NHS data and projections, making it a strong indicator of the potential benefits of DN models. While the findings are promising, they are based on projected trends and existing service models, so further research will be necessary to confirm these outcomes in real-world settings. Nonetheless, the study suggests that expanding DN-led care could be a viable and cost-effective way to improve post-diagnostic support for dementia patients in England.

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