Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme critical for cellular energy metabolism that declines with age. NAD+ precursors like NMN and NR are studied as longevity interventions.

Mechanistic target of rapamycin, a key nutrient-sensing pathway that regulates cell growth and aging. Inhibiting mTOR (e.g., with rapamycin) has shown lifespan extension in multiple organisms.

A class of drugs that selectively eliminate senescent (aged, dysfunctional) cells to reduce inflammation and improve tissue function.

What is Epigenetic clock?

A biomarker based on DNA methylation patterns that estimates biological age, often more predictive of health outcomes than chronological age.

The period of life spent in good health, free from chronic diseases and disability associated with aging.

An immunosuppressant drug that inhibits the mTOR pathway. Research shows rapamycin may extend lifespan and improve age-related health outcomes in multiple species.

What is Biological age?

A measure of how well or poorly your body is functioning relative to your chronological age, assessed through biomarkers such as DNA methylation, telomere length, and blood panels.

What is Caloric restriction?

A dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without malnutrition. Caloric restriction is one of the most studied interventions shown to extend lifespan across species.

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Telomere length is associated with aging and age-related diseases.

A state in which cells permanently stop dividing but resist death, accumulating with age and secreting inflammatory factors that damage surrounding tissue.

A second-generation epigenetic clock that predicts time to death and is considered one of the most accurate measures of biological aging.

What is Inflammaging?

Chronic, low-grade inflammation that increases with age and contributes to the development of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.

The large-scale study of proteins in biological systems. In longevity research, proteomics identifies blood protein signatures that predict biological age and disease risk.

What is Yamanaka factors?

A set of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) that can reprogram adult cells to a pluripotent state. Partial reprogramming with Yamanaka factors is being explored to reverse cellular aging.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a precursor to NAD+ that is widely studied as a supplement to boost cellular energy and combat age-related decline.

A gene-editing technology that allows precise modifications to DNA. In longevity research, CRISPR is used to study and potentially modify genes associated with aging.

A cellular housekeeping process where cells break down and recycle damaged components. Declines with age and is stimulated by fasting.

What is Intermittent fasting?

An eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. Various protocols (16:8, 5:2) are studied for metabolic, cardiovascular, and longevity benefits.

What is Zone 2 cardio?

Low-intensity aerobic exercise performed at roughly 60–70% of maximum heart rate, primarily using the aerobic energy system. Associated with mitochondrial health and longevity.

Geographic regions identified by researchers where people consistently live longer and healthier lives than average, including Sardinia, Okinawa, and Loma Linda.

Could a new MS therapy improve mobility and quality of life?

Researchers found that Quantum BioPharma has received FDA approval to advance its innovative therapy, Lucid-MS, into a Phase 2 clinical trial for progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This marks a significant step in developing a treatment that aims to address the underlying causes of MS, particularly demyelination, which contributes to disability in patients. Lucid-MS is designed to protect nerve cells and potentially reverse some loss of mobility, offering hope for individuals suffering from this challenging condition.

This development is particularly relevant for people with progressive MS, a form of the disease that currently has limited treatment options. With the global market for MS therapies projected to reach nearly $39 billion by 2030, there is a pressing need for effective solutions. Lucid-MS represents a novel approach by focusing on neuroprotection rather than solely modulating the immune system, which is the focus of most existing therapies. If successful, this therapy could improve muscle strength and mobility for millions of patients who currently have few alternatives.

The Phase 2 trial will rigorously assess the efficacy and safety of Lucid-MS in individuals with progressive MS. Although previous Phase 1 trials showed a favorable safety profile, the Phase 2 study will provide more comprehensive data on its potential benefits. This trial is a critical step in determining whether Lucid-MS can truly modify the disease’s progression and improve the quality of life for those affected by MS.

While the results are still pending, the approval of this trial is a hopeful sign for patients seeking new treatment options. If you’re interested in keeping up with developments in MS therapies, consider following updates from Quantum BioPharma as they progress through their clinical trials.

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